Java Statements (Definition, Types and Examples)

Statements are similar to sentences in the English language. A sentence forms a complete idea which can include one or more clauses. Likewise, a statement in Java forms a complete command to be executed and can include one or more expressions. In simpler terms, a Java statement is just an instruction that explains what should happen. Types of Java Statements Java supports three different types of statements: Expression statements  change values of variables, call methods, and create objects.Declaration statements  declare variables.Control-flow statements  determine the order that statements are executed. Typically, Java statements parse from the top to the bottom of the program. However, with control-flow statements, that order can be interrupted to implement branching or looping so that the Java program can run particular sections of code based on certain conditions. Examples of Java Statements //declaration statement int number; //expression statement number 4; //control flow statement if (number 10 ) {   Ã‚  //expression statement   Ã‚  System.out.println(number is less than ten); }

Child Marriage in India - 4546 Words

Child Marriage in India If you have any questions regarding this information, feel free to email Juliana Shulman at: JShulman@uchicago.edu To be defined at length in a later section, child marriage is most simply, for our purposes, a marriage in which the wife is below the age of eighteen at the time of consummation. The practice of child marriage in rural India is deeply rooted in cultural values and grounded in social structures. And despite laws that prohibit child marriage, the practice is still extremely prevalent in many regions. Though the statistics are contentious, it is estimated that in some parts of India, like the state of Rajasthan, nearly 80 percent of the marriages are among girls under the age of fifteen† (Gupta,†¦show more content†¦HIV/AIDS is becoming widespread, and as it reaches new populations, it poses new problems. As child marriage is fundamentally a rural phenomenon in India, the particular plight of HIV in rural areas must be discussed. Issues like how to educate and provide treatment for people in poor, rural areas are emerging, and new cultural pockets of Indian society must be understood in order to more effectively implement these programs. Though contentious, recent figures estimate that roughly 2-3.6 million people in India are infected with HIV. This places India third worldwide for the number of HIV cases within a country. â€Å"Overall, 0.36% of India’s population is living with HIV.† While this may seem low, given the vast population of India, the actual number of people who are HIV-positive is remarkably high (Overview of HIV/AIDS, 2008). And in Rajasthan, the largely rural state in which the project will be conducted, it is believed that there is a prevalence of nearly 5%--extremely high for India (â€Å"AIDS in India,† n/d). Many who work in the health sector claim that they are witnessing a rapid rise in infections to new populations. â€Å"Sujatha Rao, director-general of the government’s National AIDS Control Organisation, says doctors are increasingly seeing women infected by their husbands,† a population typically not targeted by reproductive health programs (â€Å"Vast Distances a Barrier,† 2008; Santhya Jejeebhoy,Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Child Marriage938 Words   |  4 Pagescyclical and the best indicator if a child will end up in poverty is if her parents live in poverty. One common practices among families with girls living in poverty is child marriages. It has been found that poverty is the main driver of child marriage and traps girls and their families in a cycle of poverty (Poverty Girls). The practice of child marriage is more common in families who are already in poverty and perpetuates the cycle. In recent years, child marriage has gained increasing prominenceRead MoreA Brief Note On The Movement And Exchange Of Goods, Services And Ideas1471 Words   |  6 Pagesthe spread of technology. Globalism has brought some benefits and probl ems. Some of the advantages are: cheaper products for consumers, integration of markets, leads to outsourcing in some cases which can lead to job losses (moving call centers to India), lowering of international barriers, helps prevent market saturation, and standardization of products. However, there are many disadvantages or problems that it has brought. Some of the disadvantages are intense competition, widening of the gap betweenRead MoreChild Marriage Should Be Legal952 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience. A child should not have to choose between their childhood and their parent or a religion. Both girls and boys are affected by child marriage, but girls are affected in much larger numbers and with greater intensity. Child marriage is seen across the country but it is far higher in rural than in urban areas. Girls from poorer families, castes and tribes, and with lower education levels are more likely to marry at a younger age. Child marriage has been a popular situation in India, which leadsRead MoreSpeech: Human Rights Violations in India768 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech: Human Rights Violations in India One third of the world’s child brides originate from India; whose journalists are continuously shut down for revealing their political opinions. India’s culture has been having arranged underage marriage for many centuries, â€Å"Child marriage, which has existed for centuries, is a complex issue, rooted deeply in gender inequality, tradition and poverty† according to an article published by UNICEF. In an article published by the Library of Congress Jeanine CaliRead MoreIndian Surrogates : Whether Laws Provide Room For It?1436 Words   |  6 PagesWhether Laws provide room for it ? Sandeep Kulshrestha Asstt. Prof. (Law), Amity University M.P. Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) India Sandeep723@gmail.com Abstract Indian Laws are not made to accommodate Surrogacy arrangements, so with the validity of surrogacy arrangements certain legal complications arise. Present Paper deals with the legal validity of Surrogacy arrangements in India in light of legal complications arising out of it in present legal framework. Keywords: Surrogacy Laws, Surrogacy BillRead MoreGender And Gender Equality866 Words   |  4 Pagesa monumental barrier to human development. Females are discriminated against in many facets of life. For instance, it can be found within the fields of health, politics, business, and education. Gender Equality with Child Marriage Child marriages, defined as a formal marriage or informal union before age 18, are an incessant problem in countless countries around the world. More often than not, the root cause of this issue is gender inequality. A popular belief in these countries are that womenRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Marriage1305 Words   |  6 PagesChild marriage is one of the most severe violations of human rights that needs attention in India, â€Å"where 46 percent of children are married formally or in informal union before they are 18.† While child marriages affect both genders, girls are affected a lot more since they are a bulk of the victims. They are more likely to be involved in child marriages than boys as 30 percent of girls between 15-19 are currently â€Å"married†, while only 5 percent of boys between 15-19 are â€Å"married†. So why do childRead MoreChild Marriage Should Be Legal989 Words   |  4 Pagesthese girls in India, being married before the age of eightee n has become and reality for these girls. Marriage should be an happy, joyful, and an enjoyable celebration of love for two people who are in love, but for most girls in India and other country this has become and nightmare that they can t wake up from. For these young girls they are forced into getting married before they even hit puberty. A child should be able to finish school and become and independent person, but in India that is notRead MoreAnalysis Of Jodhpur Girl Moves Petition And Annul Child Marriage991 Words   |  4 PagesGirl Moves Petition to Annul Child Marriage. Times of India [Mumbai] 15 May 2015: n. pag. Global Issues in Context. Web. 7 Feb. 2016. Summary: Santadevi, a nineteen year old Indian woman, was married as an infant. She and her parents now seek to annul her marriage on the grounds that it was an illegal union of minors, but Sanwlaram, the one to whom she was married, and the village community refuse to consent to this annulment and attempt to force her to accept the marriage with fines and threats ofRead MoreSarojini Naidu : Life Biography961 Words   |  4 PagesSarojini Naidu: Life Biography: Sarojini Naidu, nicknamed Bharatiya Kokila ,The Nightingale of India, was the first woman president of the of the India National Congress, and she was the first woman to become an appointed governess of a state, Uttar Pradesh, in India. She was born in Hyderabad, India on February 13, 1879. Sarojini was raised by her father, Aghoranath Chattopadhyaya, and her mother, Barada Sundari Devi. She was the oldest amongst eight other siblings. Her mother was a poetess and

Adversity and resilience of ho Essay Example For Students

Adversity and resilience of ho Essay Tale Farewell My Concubine describes the torments and sufferings that homosexuals have to go through. These torments and sufferings are the results of stereotypes from the society. The video Anti-Gay, and the books The Facts on Homosexuality and Gay and Lesbian Stats: A Pocket Guide of Facts and Figures explains the reasons for gay stereotypes, and how they affect those who are homosexuals. Homosexuals are frequently viewed as the outcasts of society and are often subjected to discrimination. However, with the support of family and friends, they are able to overcome such aggression. Someday, homosexuals will be treated the same way as heterosexuals, and society will learn that homosexuality is not a disease, but just another way of life. In the novel Farewell My Concubine, the main character, Xiao Douzi, is faced with the adversity of being a homosexual in a time when homosexuality was absolutely unaccepted by society. Douzi was born with beautiful facial features and a perfect complexion; because of this, he was chosen to play a woman on stage. Douzi fails to separate his on-stage gimmick from his real life persona, and he falls in love with his partner and best friend, Xiao Shitou. When Shitou married a woman, Douzi collapsed mentally and soon got addicted to opium. Shitous wife was against homosexuality, and she did whatever she could to keep her husband from seeing Douzi; but despite all this, Shitou still cares about Douzi and helped Douzi get off his addiction to opium. In the novel Farewell My Concubine, the main character, Xiao Douzi, is faced with the adversity of being a homosexual in a time when homosexuality was absolutely unaccepted by society. Douzi was born with beautiful facial features and a perfect complexion; because of this, he was chosen to play a woman on stage. Douzi fails to separate his on-stage gimmick from his real life persona, and he falls in love with his partner and best friend, Xiao Shitou. When Shitou married a woman, Douzi collapsed mentally and soon got addicted to opium. Shitous wife was against homosexuality, and she did whatever she could to keep her husband from seeing Douzi; but despite all this, Shitou still cares about Douzi and helped Douzi get off his addiction to opium. He also helps out Douzi whenever he can and supports Douzis decision to live his life as a homosexual. Aside from his personal problems, Douzi is also faced with discrimination from the society. During the Japanese invasion of China, the Japanese army found out about his homosexual tendencies, and they forced Douzi to dress up as a woman and have sexual intercourse with them. During the Cultural Revolution, Douzi was brutally beaten and was humiliated by the Red Guards. Douzi was treated this way because his adversaries believed in the traditional gay stereotypes. According to the books The Facts on Homosexuality and Gay and Lesbian Stats: A Pocket Guide of Facts and Figures, these beliefs about homosexuals were made up by ignorant people, and spreads around through the media. Common beliefs about homosexuals are that they tend to act like the opposite sex, and many believe that homosexuals are all sex-craving perverts. These beliefs are all false. Gays and lesbians just act like themselves. Although statistics showed that some homosexuals do engage in more dangerous activities such as anal sex, most of them are normal, respectable human beings. Rather than believing in these silly rumors about homosexuals, people should learn more about them and try to understand them. If all straight people gets to know homosexuals like Shitou knew Douzi, they will find that homosexuals are no different than anyone else, and that homosexuals can turn out to be great friends. People who despise homosexuals are usually those who are ignorant enough to be deceived by the absurd beliefs about homosexuals. Recently, more and more people are beginning to learn about the true nature of homosexuals, and are willing to accept them as part of humanity. Gays and lesbians once had to hide their homosexual lifestyles from even the closest friends and family members because they did not want to be discriminated against. Michael Jackson Essay Nowadays, most friends and family members of homosexuals accept them as part of society. Homosexuals can now open up to their friends and family members and turn to them for support. According to the documentary film Anti-Gay, homosexual suicide rates have decreased dramatically due to the growing support of homosexuals from friends and family. In the novel Farewell My Concubine, Douzi was able to accept himself as being gay because his best friend Shitou was there to give .

The Role of Code-Switching in Rap and Hip Hop Culture free essay sample

While Hip-Hop is a relatively new cultural movement that is largely prevalent all over the world now, it originates In much earlier Black North American history as far back as the era of enslavement. It is still misunderstood as solely a form of music although it is rather an entire culture consisting of dance, decaying, and visual art (usually In the form of graffiti) In Dalton to rap. However, In the larger culture of hip-hop, rap is the linguistic code that is used in an artistic manner to convey messages, often in figurative and poetic forms.It was common to use Ebonies, or African American English, as the primary linguistic code in rap as it Is the form of English that was predominantly used in North America when modern rap came into being. At one time, it was the code used to address the Black population in the United States to Ignite socio-political protests and marches, but over time has evolved to include other linguistic codes and has become a means to criminate many subjec ts outside of politics. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Code-Switching in Rap and Hip Hop Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though African American vernacular is still a major constituent of modern rap and Is seen as the standard language for English rap, there is a great deal of ode-switching that occurs including not only the switching from language to language, but also switching from vernacular to intellectual vocabulary in rap. Code-switching Is defined as the use of two or more languages by the same speaker within the same turn/utterance. While code-switching in conversation is a natural phenomenon that occurs largely between bilingual or multilingual Individuals, It Is a very different phenomenon when It occurs In rap. In her essay titled Multilingualism, Ethnicity and Genre in Germanys Migrant Hip Hop, Janis Anthropomorphous claims that internal code switching or switching linguistic code thin a stanza Is a rare occurrence and does not have as much prevalence as external-code switching in which there is a clear structure to the alternation of linguistic codes.This claim supports the argument that there is a level of similarity between conversational code-switching and code-switching In rap In that It occurs sporadically without a specific structure, however I claim that this is not the case. In pre-written raps meant to be heard by an audience, there is always an underlying purpose for code-switching whether It Is for a proper rhyme scheme or to make a ultra statement, making it vastly different from the spontaneous while still purposeful code-switching of conversation.In addition to this argument, I assert that the distinction between spoken word and rap is that rap must be performed to a rhythm or beat, so while it may be spontaneously performed at times in the event of rap battles where one rapper is pitted against another in a competition of which rapper can more successfully create an allegedly impromptu rap, it is still a different process of utilizing a linguistic code than that of conversation. For example, it could be argued that the famous bilingual AP group, Cypress Hill, use their code-switching in the song Latin Lingo as If It were planning of the structure of code-switching.Seen Dog of Cypress Hill raps, Freak to the funk that no-one else is bringing/ Seen Dog with the funky bi-ling/ Yeah thats the nonmember(name) heard the homey/Peace to Mellow and Frost en el deportee (Frost is in the game). Seen Dog continues to seemingly distribute the use of Spanish in the rest of the song randomly, but as can be seen from this small excerpt, Seen Dog is actually using Spanish to rhyme with the preceding line and maintain proper meaning at the name time. He also chooses to use words that would be recognizable not only to the Spanish-speaking community, but also to English speakers who are aware of basic Spanish.This perpetuates the idea of globalization in hip hop, allowing a wider range of audience members to access the meaning of the rap without compromising the rappers ethni c identity. As discussed in lecture, rap has been a powerful linguistic tool that has permeated international borders through the process of globalization, and it then the process of localization in which rappers and members of the community transform he global linguistic code creatively into their own vernacular.Janis Anthropomorphous refutes an assumption favored by hip hops language ideology, which views rap as capitalizing on authentic vernacular speech (e. G. Potter 1995). Instead, Anthropomorphous claims in agreement with linguists Beneficial and Davies that because of the audience that rap is usually performed to and deliberate nature of rap performances, the code-switching patterns in rap require analysis with regard to its specific background rather than generalizing the patterns to the given community at large.This idea of authenticity lends itself to the idea that there is a standard way to speak in each language as a code. It makes the claim that all speakers of that language should limit their linguistic creativity to attempt emulation of the linguistic norm. For example, the Black vernacular is often suppressed on an institutional level as discussed by H. Sammy Alum in the article Creating an Empire Within and Empire. Alum examines the attempts to eradicate [the language of Blacks in the United States] and linguistic practices in favor of the adoption of White cultural and linguistic norms in the school system of America.The attempt to correct the speakers of African American English to speak a standard, White-dominated form of American English is greatly oppressive towards the linguistic creativity of its speakers and makes the claim that their way of speaking is inferior and incorrect when compared to the form of American English spoken by White speakers. In turn, this implies that the standard and expected way to use the linguistic code of English in rap must be African American English. Many modern rappers challenge this idea by rapping in different languages and by code switching in and out of an intellectual lexicon.In the case of Seen-Dog, he uses Spangling to expand the target audience by being inclusive of both of his nationalities as a Mexican-American. As defined by Farther, the notion of language as a symbol implies that a language as a whole is understood as a signifier to which a new signified is attached. A language comes to symbolize (to stand for) its speakers or the country in which it is spoken in. However, monolingual rappers in the mainstream rap and hip hop music industry may also use token words in another to be discriminatory in that they reduce a commonly stereotyped phrase mi amigo! N Spanish as used by English speakers. The internationally acclaimed rapper, Kenya West, often uses token phrases in his raps. For example, in his song Dark Fantasy, he raps, How you say broke in Spanish? Me no habit/ Me drown sorrow in that Dibble While he uses Spanish as the last word of each line in order to rhyme, he mocks the stereotypical phrases that reductive symbolize the Mexican community in America. Although this is generally seen as a negative and condescending use of another language, this kind of code- switching contributes to the globalization of hip hop.Additionally, code-switching in ND out of an intellectual lexicon as Kindlier Lamar does in many of his songs rejects the claim that Whiteness as an ideology of linguistic supremacy exists. Lamar mixes vernacular with extensi ve vocabulary in his song Poetic Justice, A little bit high maintenance/ Everybody else bastions live life on an everyday basis/ With poetic justice, poetic Justice/ If I told you that a flower bloomed in a dark room, would you trust it? I mean I write poems in these songs dedicated to you when/ Youre in the mood for empathy, theres blood in my pen. Not only does he employ complex adaptors and high-level vocabulary, but he manages to do so while maintaining vernacular that is specific to Compton, the city he hails from. Lamar uses the phrase Everybody else basic, using the word basic to describe commonplace, ordinary people and disregarding the grammatical rules of proper American English with the exclusion of the word is.Here, Lamar expands his audience reach by including content and creativity that would be relatable to his following from his hometown as well as to a wide range of highly educated individuals. Rappers like Kindlier Lamar and Seen-Dog of Cypress Hill challenge the uncritically limiting notions of society by employing various methods of code switching that include language switching as well as intermixing vernacular with language that is considered to be standard in American English.