Appendices Sample Essays

Appendices Sample Essays Appendices Sample Essay Appendices Sample Essay APPENDICES a. User’s Manual USERS PAGE KING KERWIN APARTELLE Tabular Links 5 4 3 1 2 Figure a. 1 Tabular Links The form consists of the following tabs: 1. Home When home page link is pressed it will directly go to the homepage that contains some information about King Kerwin Apartelle and a slideshow of different photos in King Kerwin Apartelle. This is also called a start page or local file that automatically loads when a web browser  starts or when the browsers home button or â€Å"home† link is pressed. 2. About Us – When about us link is pressed it will directly go to the about us page that contains company profile of King Kerwin Apartelle and their services offered. 3. Contact Us When contact us link is pressed it will directly go to the contact us page that contains textboxes which allows the user to have an inquiry or send an inquiries, questions, verification and concerns about the web site or about the process of the king kerwin. 4. Gallery – When gallery link is pressed it will directly go to the sample picture of each rooms of King Kerwin Apartelle and Transient House. . Booking – When booking link is pressed it will directly go to the reservation page that contains instructions on how to have a reservation in the rooms. A cancel reservation and reservation form link is also included in the reservation page. King Kerwin Room ; Rates Figure a. 2 Room ; Rates Contact Us Figure a. 3 Contact Us The contact us form contains different textbox with a different la bels on it. This will allow the user to contact the administrator or the manager of King Kerwin Apartelle for some concerns or questions regarding to King Kerwin Apartelle. It has a reset button which shall reset all fields when it is pressed and a send button which shall send the inquiries of the client to the administrator’s e-mail address or manager’s e-mail address. Gallery Figure a. 4 Gallery Gallery page contains photos and highlights of each room of King Kerwin Apartelle and Transient House. Check Availability Figure a. 5 Check Availability Page Check Availability form shows the availability of each room Online Reservation Form Figure a. 6 Online Reservation Form Online Reservation Form contains different fields or textboxes that the user or the clients must fill out. Some fields are required in order for the system process it correctly and in order for the user to complete his/her reservation. The reservation shall be saved to database and send to user’s email address. Log-in Page 1 2 Figure a. 7 Log-in Page The Log-in page holds the whole system security. The log in page is where the admin gives personal information to be identified by the system and allow access to users. The admin inputs the user name and password and clicks the Log In button (1) to enter the admin main page. The system has the Forgot Password (2) ADMIN PAGE Admin Side Bar Figure a. Admin The form consists of the following links: 1. Admin Home – When admin home link is pressed, the page shall directly load at the home page of the admin 2. Logout When logout link is pressed, the system shall log-off and shows again the log-in form. 3. View Reservation – When view reservation link is pressed, the page shall directly load at the view reservation page that c onsists of all reservation has been made by the client in tabular form. 4. Rooms – When rooms link is pressed, the page shall directly load at the room page that consist of add new room, edit room and delete room. . Promo;Event – When promo;event link is pressed, the page directly load at the promo;event form that you can post Promo and Event of a company. VIEW RESERVATION Figure a. 8 View Reservation This form is for viewing all the reservation’s information of the client taken from online reservation form. The admin can also edit, cancel the reservation and print all the reservations or print reports. ADMIN EDIT PAGE Figure a. 9 Admin Edit Page After clicking the edit, the list of blocks numbers on king kewin shall show which has different list of lots and information inside the link. In this form, the system allows the admin to edit and update all information in the field of the lots per block. King Kerwin Printable Report Figure a. 10 Printable Report After clicking the print report link on the view reservation page, the system shall generate a report for viewing and printing purposes for record keeping. Promo and Event Figure a. 10 promo and event Shows the promo and event of king kerwin Apartelle and Transient House b. Source Code INDEX ;html ; ;head; lt;meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 ;title;KING KERWIN ;/title; ;link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css /; ;link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png /; ;! START OF CODE FOR CALENDAR script language = javascript type=text/javascript src=js/zapatec. js/script script language = javascript type=text/javascript src=js/calendar. js/script script language = javascript type=text/javascript src=js/calendar-en. s/script link rel=stylesheet href=system. css type=text/c ss/ SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript ! //Disable right click script //visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. all) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElementById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. aptureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document. onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. onmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/slide. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. ss /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header /divdiv id = gc_bg div id=king_menu ulli class=current a href=index. php Home/a/li lia href=room. php target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. hpContact Us/a/li /ul/div/divdiv id = gallerya href=# class = showimg src=images/gallery/king/SAM_5704. jpg alt=King Kerwin width=958 height=330 title= alt= rel=h3King Kerwin/h3 A Business Hotel with a touch of Home in the Heart of Olongapo City //aa href=# img src=images/gallery/king/SAM_5697. jpg alt=hospitality width=958 height=330 title= alt= rel=h3Hospitality/h3 staffs, and crew that will treat you well //a a href=#img src=images/family_photo4. ng alt=lobby width=958 height=330 title= alt= rel=h3Lobby/h3A full blast! Elegant lobby that will make you booked in the hotel//a a href=#img src=images/gallery/king/SAM_5710. jpg alt=lobby width=958 height=330 title= alt= rel=h3/h3//a div class=captiondiv class=content/div/div/div /div ! End Of Container /div div id=king _main lt;div class=templatemo_container div id=king_left div class=c_left h2Welcome to King Kerwin/h2h6 iApartelle and Transient House/i/h6table border=0 id = tayotrtd align = justify h13 Strategically sitnated in the heart of Olongapo City . Giving guests an easy access to SBMA , Beaches, entertaiment and major are of attractions. King Kerwin Transient house also accessible in market (near across the street)china Drug Store and Hospital. Enjoy an overnight or long term stay with a choice of our clean, spacious and comportable rooms. With the King Kerwins extraordinary way of pampering, youll gardly feel away from homeExperience a distinctly indulgent and comforting atmosphere where your every need is personally met. With our efficient and friendly concierge, professional housekeeping services and otherspecial courtesies, we make you feel the extra attention that touches you from the start to the end ofKing Kerwin Apartelle is simply like a home, a second home to our guest. Can stay for a while or even for a long term vacation. King Kerwin has the facility for Seminar, Weddings / Birthday and parties. ;/h13;;/td;;/tr;;/table;;/div; ;/div; ;! end of left div id=king_right div class=c_right table border = 0 trtda href = gallery. phpimg src = images/photo. png height = 42px/td/tr/table table border = 0 background = images/gilid. ng width = 250pxtrtd align = centerbr /bh14Easy Direct Booking br / at Low Rates/h14/bbr //td/tr div class=cleaner/div div class=cleaner/div /div ! End Of Container div id = king_main_bottom/div div id = king_footercenter a href = index. php| Home | /a a href = room. php Room Rate | /a a href = gallery. php Photo Gallery | /a a href = about. hp About Us | /a a href = contact. php Contact Us | /abr / | FAQS | #169; King Kerwins Apartelle | All Rights Reserved | Developed By: [emailprotected] com /center/div/div/body amp;gt;/html RESERVATION ? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn); $arrival =$_POST[checkin_monthday]; $outarrival=$_POST[checkout_monthday]; $departure = $_POST[checkin_year_month]; $outdeparture = $_POST[checkout_year_month]; $varmont = substr($departure, -1); $varyear = substr($departure, 0, 4); outvarmont = substr($outdeparture, -1); $outvaryear = substr($outdeparture, 0, 4); $room = $_POST[room]; $dates = $_POST[date1]; $datee = $_POST[date2]; $a = date(yy - mm - dd,strtotime($dates)); //$sql = mysql_query(select * from tbl_reservation where roomtype = $room and datestart =$dates or dateend = $a and dateend = $datee') or die(wla ka d2); $count = mysql_num_rows($sql); if($count == 0) {echo script alert( Reservation Available); /script; } else {echo script alert(not available. ); /script; echo script location. href=room. hp; /script;} ? html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Langu age=JavaScript function Ako_Validator() { var x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. ullname. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! isNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. mess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. value==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (echeck(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false return true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat=str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Inv alid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) eturn false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode if (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false;return true; } function limitText(limitField, limitCount, limitNum) { if (limitField. value. length limitNum) { limitField. value = limitField. value. substring(0, limitNum); } else { limitCount. value = limitNum limitField. value. length; } } /script lt;script type=text/javascript //Edit the counter/limiter value as your wish var count = 1000; function limiter(){ var tex = document. form1. mess. value; var len = tex. length; if(len count){ tex = tex. substring(0,count); document. form1. mess. value =tex; return false; }document. form1. limit. value = count-len;} /script script type=text/javascript function Search_Validator() {if (form2. txt_search. value == ) {alert(Search Item Required. ); form1. txt_search. focus(); return (false);}} /script SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript ! //Disable right click script /visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. all) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElementById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. captureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document . onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. onmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT lt;script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/slide. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. css /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header/div div id = gc_bgdiv id=king_menu ul lia href=index. hp Home/a/li li class=currenta href=room. php target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. phpContact Us/a/li /ul /div/div/div ! End Of Container /divdiv id=king_main div class=templatemo_container h2img src = images/hover. png / Reservation /h2 centerdiv id = king lt;form id=form1 name=form1 method=post action=verify. php onsubmit=return Ako_Validat or() table border=0 id = tayo trtd/td/trtr tdName: /tdtdinput type=text name=fullname id=fullname class=inquiry_input width = 50//td /trtrtdContact: /tdtdinput type=text name=contact id=cel onKeyPress=return isNumberKey(event) onKeyDown=limitText(this. form. limitedtextfield,this. form. countdown,11); onKeyUp=limitText(this. form. limitedtextfield,this. form. ountdown,11); class=inquiry_input maxlength=11i11 Digits Only/i/td/tr tr tdEmail Address:/td tdinput type=text name=email id=email class=inquiry_input/i(e. g. [emailprotected] com)/i/td /trtr tdAddress: /tdtdinput type=text name=address id=address class=inquiry_input width = 50//td /trtrtdCheck-In: /td td? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn); choinput type = text name = arrival value = $arrival $departure readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = innamemonth value = $varmont readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = innameyear value = $varyear readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = innam eday value = $arrival readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = outnamemonth value = $outvarmont readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = outnameyear value = $outvaryear readonly; echoinput type = hidden name = outnameday value = $outarrival readonly; ? gt; /td/trtr tdlabel class=frmLabelCheck-Out:/label/tdtd ? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,);mysql _select_db(db_kerwin,$conn);$arrival=mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[checkout_monthday]);$departure=mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[checkout_year_month]); echoinput type = text name = departure value = $arrival $departure readonly;? /td/trtr tdRoom Type: /tdtd ? php conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,);mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn); $room = $_POST[room]; echoinput type = text name = roomtype value = $room; ? /td/trtr tdNumber of Person: /tdtd input type=text name=personnum id=num onKeyPress=return isNumberKey(event) onKeyDown=limitText(this. form. limitedtextfield,this. form. countdown,11); onKeyUp=limitText(this. form. li mitedtextfield,this. form. countdown,11); class=inquiry_input maxlength=1/td /tr tr lt;td Message: /td td textarea name=mess id=message cols=25 rows=10 maxlength=1000 onkeyup=limiter()/textarea /td/td/trtrtd input type=submit name=submit id=inquiry_submit value= //td tdinput type=reset name=inquiry_reset id=inquiry_submit2 value= //td /tr/table/form script type=text/javascript src=js/calcodes. js/script /div /center ! End Of right /div lt;div class=cleaner/div /div ! end of sidebar div class=cleaner/div div class=cleaner/div /div ! End Of Container div id = king_main_bottom/div div id = king_footer center a href = index. php| Home | /a a href = room. php Room Rate | /a a href = gallery. php Photo Gallery | /a a href = about. php About Us | /a a href = contact. hp Contact Us | /abr / | FAQS | #169; King Kerwins Apartelle | All Rights Reserved | Developed By: [emailprotected] com /center/div/body /html CHECKAVAILABILITY html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html ; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Language=JavaScript unction Ako_Validator() { var x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. fullname. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! isNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. ess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. value==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (echeck(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false }re turn true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat=str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) eturn false} if (str. indexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode f (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false;return true; } function limitText(limitField, limitCount, limitNum) { if (limit Field. value. length limitNum) { limitField. value = limitField. value. substring(0, limitNum); } else { limitCount. value = limitNum limitField. value. length; } } /script script type=text/javascript //Edit the counter/limiter value as your wish var count = 1000; function limiter(){ var tex = document. form1. mess. value; var len = tex. length; if(len count){ tex = tex. ubstring(0,count); document. form1. mess. value =tex; return false; }document. form1. limit. value = count-len;} /script script type=text/javascript function Search_Validator() {if (form2. txt_search. value == ) {alert(Search Item Required. ); form1. txt_search. focus(); return (false);}} /script SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript ! //Disable right click script //visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. ll) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElem entById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. captureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document. onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. onmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/slide. s/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. css /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header/div div id = gc_bgdiv id=king_menu ul lia href=index. php Home/a/li li class=currenta href=room. hp target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. phpContact Us/a/li /ul /div/div/div ! End Of Container /divdiv id=king_main div id=login_form h5nbsp;/h5 ce nter link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=. /reservation_files/calendar. css form action=book. hp id=reservation-form name=reservation-form method=post table cellspacing=2tbody tr? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn)l $sql = mysql_query(Select * from tbl_room where id=$_GET295); while($r = mysql_fetch_array($sql)) {echo input type = hidden name = room value = $r[roomtype];}? /trtrtdlabelCheck In:input type = text name = date1 //label/td /trtrtd select id=checkin_day ame=checkin_monthday class=checkin_day onchange=checkDateOrder(this, #39;checkin_monthday#39;, #39;checkin_year_month#39;, #39;checkout_monthday#39;, #39;checkout_year_month#39;); updateDaySelect(this); option class=day prompt value=0Day/option option value=11/optionoption value=22/optionoption value=33/optionoption value=44/optionoption value=55/optionoption value=66/optionoption value=77/optionoption value=88/optionoption value=99/optionoption value=1010/optionoption value= 1111/optionoption value=1212/optionoption value=13 selected=selected13/optionoption value=1414/optionoption value=1515/optionoption value=1616/optionoption value=1717/optionoption value=1818/optionoption value=1919/optionoption value=2020/optionoption value=2121/optionoption value=2222/optionoption value=2323/optionoption value=2424/optionoption value=2525/optionoption value=2626/optionoption alue=2727/optionoption value=2828/optionoption value=2929/optionoption value=3030/optionoption value=3131/option/select select id=checkin_year_month name=checkin_year_month class=checkin_year_month onchange=checkDateOrder(this, #39;checkin_monthday#39;, #39;checkin_year_month#39;, #39;checkout_monthday#39;, #39;checkout_year_month#39;); updateDaySelect(this); option class=month prompt value=0Month/option option value=2011-1January 11/optionoption value=2011-2February 11/optionoption value=2011-3March 11/optionoption value=2011-4April 11/optionoption value=2011-5May 11/optionoption value=2011-6J une 11/optionoption value=2011-7July 11/optionoption value=2011-8August 11/optionoption value=2011-9September 11/optionoption value=2011-10October 11/optionoption value=2011-11November 11/option /select a class=calender inlineJsRequired onclick=showCalendar(this, #39;calendar#39;, #39;checkin#39;); href=javascript:void(0);img title=Open calendar and pick a date alt=calendar src=. /reservation_files/button-calender. png width=21 height=18/a /td/trtr lt;tdlabelCheck Out:input type = text name = date2 //label/td /trtrtd select id=checkout_monthday class=checkout_day onchange=updateDaySelect(this); name=checkout_monthday option class=day prompt selected= value=0Day/option option value=11/optionoption value=22/optionoption value=33/optionoption value=44/optionoption value=55/optionoption value=66/optionoption value=77/optionoption value=88/optionoption value=99/optionoption value=1010/optionoption value=1111/optionoption value=1212/optionoption value=13 selected=selected13/optionoption value=1414/optionoption value=1515/optionoption alue=1616/optionoption value=1717/optionoption value=1818/optionoption value=1919/optionoption value=2020/optionoption value=2121/optionoption value=2222/optionoption value=2323/optionoption value=2424/optionoption value=2525/optionoption value=2626/optionoption value=2727/optionoption value=2828/optionoption value=2929/optionoption value=3030/optionoption value=3131/option/select select id=checkout_year_month class=checkout_year_month onchange=updateDaySelect(this); name=checkout_year_month option class=month prompt selected= value=0Month/option option value=2011-1January 11/optionoption value=2011-2February 11/optionoption value=2011-3March 11/optionoption value=2011-4April 11/optionoption value=2011-5May 11/optionoption value=2011-6June 11/optionoption value=2011-7July 11/optionoption value=2011-8August 11/optionoption value=2011-9September 11/optionoption value=2011-10October 11/optionoption value=2011-11November 11/option/select a class=calender inlineJsRequired onclick=showCalendar(this, #39;calendar#39;, #39;checkout#39;); href=javascript:void(0);img title=Open calendar and pick a date alt=calendar src=. /reservation_files/button-calender. ng width=21 height=18/a /td/tr trtd colspan=2 nowrap= height=15px/td/tr trtd input class=button type=submit value=Check Availability /input/td/tr /tbody/table/form /centerdiv id=calendar/div script type=text/javascript src=. /reservation_files/calendar. js/scriptscript type=text/javascript // ! [CDATA[ var calendar = new Object(); var tr = new Object(); tr. nextMonth = Next; tr. prevMonth = Previous; tr. closeCalendar = Close; tr. url = kingkerwin. com; tr. title = ; tr. cons = themes/x-brown/images/; var months = [January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December]; var days = [Mon,Ma,We,Th,Fr,Sa,Su]; var days3 = [Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat,Sun]; var $t_hotels = Hotels. toLowerCase(); var b_today = Today; checkDateOrder(document. getElem entById(checkin_day), checkin_monthday, checkin_year_month, checkout_monthday, checkout_year_month); // ]] /script script src=. /reservation_files/jquery-1. 2. 6. min. js type=text/javascript/script /div /div center a href = index. hp| Home | /a a href = room. php Room Rate | /a a href = gallery. php Photo Gallery | /a a href = about. php About Us | /a a href = contact. php Contact Us | /abr / | FAQS | #169; King Kerwins Apartelle | All Rights Reserved | Developed By: [emailprotected] com /center/div/body /html SALES and RENTING html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. ss rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Language=JavaScript function Ako_Validator() { var x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. full name. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! sNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. mess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. value==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (echeck(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false }return true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat=str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. ndexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-m ail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode if (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false;return true; } unction limitText(limitField, limitCount, limitNum) { if (limitField. value. length limitNum) { limitField. value = limitField. value. substring(0, limitNum); } else { limitCount. value = limitNum limitField. value. length; } } /script script type=text/javascript //Edit the counter/limiter value as your wish var count = 1000; function limiter(){ var tex = document. form1. mess. value; var len = tex. length; if(len count){ tex = tex. substring(0,count); documen t. form1. mess. value =tex; return false; }document. form1. limit. value = count-len;} /script script type=text/javascript function Search_Validator() {if (form2. txt_search. value == ) alert(Search Item Required. ); form1. txt_search. focus(); return (false);}} /script SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript ! //Disable right click script //visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. all) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElementById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. captureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document. onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. nmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascrip t src=js/slide. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. css /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header/div lt;div id = gc_bgdiv id=king_menu ul lia href=index. php Home/a/li li class=currenta href=room. php target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. phpContact Us/a/li /ul /div/div/div ! End Of Container /divdiv id=king_main div class=templatemo_container h2img src = images/hover. ng /Room rates for Overnight stay: for 12 hrs /h2div id=jr_left div class=a_left/div div class=c_leftdiv class=sb_title1/div div class=sb_contentdiv id=inquiry_form ? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost,root,); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn); error_reporting(0); $page_name=newuser. php; $start=$_GET[start]; if(strlen($start) 0 and ! is_numeric($start)){ echo Data Erro r; exit; } $eu = ($start 0); $limit = 3; $this1 = $eu + $limit; $back = $eu $limit; $next = $eu + $limit; $query2= SELECT * FROM tbl_message; $result2=mysql_query($query2); echo mysql_error(); nume=mysql_num_rows($result2); $query= SELECT * FROM tbl_message ORDER by id DESC limit $eu, $limit ; $result=mysql_query($query); echo mysql_error(); if(mysql_num_rows($result)! =0){ while($r=mysql_fetch_array($result)) { echo h10. $r[name]. /h10. br; echo nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;. h14. $r[description]. /h14. br;echo img src=images/gallery/. $r[picture]. class=banner_right. /tdbrbr; }echo /table;echo /form;} else {echo no record found! ; }} else{switch($_GET[action]) { ase save:mysql_query(INSERT INTO tbl_message (name,picture,price) values ($_POST[name],$_POST[picture],$_POST[price],now()));header(location:newuser. php); break; case delete: mysql_query(DELETE FROM tbl_message WHERE id=$_GET295); header(location:newuser. php); break; case edit: $q = mysql_query(SELECT * FROM tbl_message WHERE id=$_GET295); $r = mysql_fetch_array($q); echo form action=newuser. php? action=update method=postid =form1 name = form1 table border=0trtd align=centerinput type=hidden name=id value=$r295/td/tr trtd valign=topName:/td lt;tdinput type=text name=name value=$r[name]/td/trtr td valign=topPicture:/td tdinput type=file name=picture value=$r[picture]/td/tr trtd valign=topPrice:/td tdinput type=text name=price value=$r[price]/td/tr trtd colspan=2 align=centerinput type=submit value=Saveinput type=button onclick=self. location=newuser. php value=Cancel / /td /tr/table/form; break; case update: $id = $_POST[id]; $name = $_POST[name]; $picture = $_POST[picture]; $price = $_POST[price]; ysql_query(UPDATE tbl_message SET name=$name,picture=$picture,price=$price WHERE id=$id); header(location:newuser. php); break;}} ECHOBR; ? /div/div/div/div ! end of left div id=jr_right div class=b_right div id = king_roombr / table border=0px cellpadding=5 cellspacing=3 width=630 ? php $conn = mysql_connect(localhost, root,)or die(Cannot Connect to Server); mysql_select_db(db_kerwin,$conn)or die(Cannot Select Database); $q = mysql_query(SELECT * FROM tbl_room); if(mysql_num_rows($q)! =0){ while($r=mysql_fetch_array($q)){ echo trtd align=centerimg src=. $r[picture]. class=banner_right. /td; echo td align=left . nbsp;h16. $r[roomtype]. /h16br. nbsp;h14. $r[description]. /h14. brbr. h912hrs: /h9. nbspnbspnbsp;h9. $r[hrs]. br. h9Daily: /h9. nbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp;h9. $r[daily]. br. h9Weekly: /h9. nbspnbsp;h9 . $r[weekly]. /h9br. h9Monthly: /h9. nbsp;h9. $r[monthly]. /h9brbr; echo center. nbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp . a href=check. php? id=. $r[id]. img src=images/pic1. png. /center; }}? /table /div/div LISTINGS html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Language=JavaScript function Ako_Validator() { ar x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. fullname. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! isNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. mess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. alue==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (echeck(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false }return true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat= str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) eturn false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode if (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false;return true; } function limitText(limitField, limitCount, limitNum) { if (limitField. value. length limitNum) { limitField. value = limitFi eld. value. substring(0, limitNum); } else { limitCount. alue = limitNum limitField. value. length; } } /script script type=text/javascript //Edit the counter/limiter value as your wish var count = 1000; function limiter(){ var tex = document. form1. mess. value; var len = tex. length; if(len count){ tex = tex. substring(0,count); document. form1. mess. value =tex; return false; }document. form1. limit. value = count-len;} /script script type=text/javascript function Search_Validator() {if (form2. txt_search. value == ) {alert(Search Item Required. ); form1. txt_search. focus(); return (false);}} /script SCRIPT TYPE=text/javascript lt;! //Disable right click script //visit rainbow. arch. scriptmania. com/scripts/ var message=Sorry, right-click has been disabled; /////////////////////////////////// function clickIE() {if (document. all) {(message);return false;}} function clickNS(e) {if (document. layers||(document. getElementById! document. all)) { if (e. which==2||e. which==3) {(message);return false;}}} if (document. layers) {document. captureEvents(Event. MOUSEDOWN);document. onmousedown=clickNS;} else{document. onmouseup=clickNS;document. oncontextmenu=clickIE;} document. oncontextmenu=new Function(return false) // /SCRIPT lt;script type=text/javascript src=js/jquery-1. 3. 1. min. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/slide. js/script script type=text/javascript src=js/function. js/script script language=javascript type=text/javascript/script link rel = stylesheet class=style href = css/style. css /head body div id = king_main_top /divdiv class=king_container div id=header/div div id = gc_bgdiv id=king_menu ul lia href=index. php Home/a/li li class=currenta href=room. hp target=_parent Room Rate /a/lilia href=gallery. phpGallery/a/li lia href=about. phpAbout Us/a/li lia href=contact. phpContact Us/a/li /ul /div/div/div ! End Of Container /divdiv id=king_main div class=templatemo_container h2img src = images/hover. png / Photo Gallery /h2 cen ter table border=0px cellpadding=10 cellspacing=2 width=630 trtdcenter Delauxe Room /center /td/trtrtdcenter lt;a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/family/gallery3. png title= gallery3. png img style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/family/gallery3. png/ /adiv id=iddivholder style=hf:12; yt:0; display: none; a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/11. jpg title= 11. jpg img style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/11. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/12. jpg title= 12. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/12. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/13. jpg title= 13. pgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/13. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/14. jpg title= 14. jpg img style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/14. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/2. jpg title= 2. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/2. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/3. jpg title= 3. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/3. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/4. jpg title= 4. pgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/4. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/del/5. jpg title= 5. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/del/5. jpg / /a/divscript src=engine/js/visuallightbox. js type=text/javascript/script /center/td/td/tr /table table border=0px cellpadding=10 cellspacing=2 width=630tr tdcenterFamily Room /center center a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/deluxe/gallery2. png title= gallery2. ng height = 200 width = 250img style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/deluxe/gallery2. png/ /adiv id=iddivholder style=hf:12; yt:0; display: none; a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/deluxe/photo. png title= photo. png img style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/deluxe/photo. png / /aa class=vlig htbox href=images/gallery/deluxe/phot6. png title= phot6. pngimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/deluxe/phot6. png / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/deluxe/photo. png title= photo. ngimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/deluxe/photo. png / /a/div script src=engine/js/visuallightbox. js type=text/javascript/script /center/td tdcenterExecutive Room/center center a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/executive/gallery. png title= gallery. pngimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/executive/gallery. png//a div id=iddivholder style=hf:12; yt:0; display: none; a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/4. jpg title= 4. jpg img style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/4. ng/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/8. jpg title= 8. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/8. png//a a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/9. jpg title= 9. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gall ery/exe/9. png/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/11. jpg title= 11. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/11. png/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/12. jpg title= 12. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/12. ng/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/14. jpg title= 14. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/14. png/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/18. jpg title= 18. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/18. png/ /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/exe/32. jpg title= 32. jpgimg style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/exe/32. png/ /a/div script src=engine/js/visuallightbox. js type=text/javascript/script /center/td/tr /table lt;table border=0px cellpadding=10 cellspacing=2 width=630trtd centerCouples Room/center/td/trtr tdcenter a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/executive/gallery. png title= gallery. png img style=height: 200;width: 250; src=images/gallery/executive/gallery. png//ag t; div id=iddivholder style=hf:12; yt:0; display: none; a class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/2. jpg title= 2. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/2. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/3. jpg title= 3. pgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/3. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/4. jpg title= 4. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/4. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/5. jpg title= 5. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/5. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/6. jpg title= 6. jpgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/6. jpg / /aa class=vlightbox href=images/gallery/cop/7. jpg title= 7. pgimg style=height: 90px;width: 137px; src=images/gallery/cop/7. jpg / /a/divscript src=engine/js/visuallightbox. js type=text/javascript/script /center/td/td /tr/ta ble/center CONTACT US html head meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=utf-8 titleKING KERWIN /title link href=king_style. css rel=stylesheet type=text/css / link rel=icon type=image/png href=images/hover. png / script Language=JavaScript function Ako_Validator() { ar x = document. form1. fullname. value; var y = document. form1. address. value; var z = document. form1. mess. value; if (x == || x ==null || ! isNaN(x)) { alert(Fullname is required); form1. fullname. focus(); return (false); } if (form1. contact. value == ) { alert(Contact is Required. ); form1. contact. focus(); return (false); } if (y == || y ==null || ! isNaN(y)) { alert(Address is Required. ); form1. address. focus(); return (false); } if (z == || z ==null || ! isNaN(z)) { alert(Your Message is Required. ); form1. mess. focus(); return (false); } var emailID=document. form1. email if((emailID. value==null)||(emailID. alue==)){alert(Please Enter your Email ID)emailID. focus()return false} if (e check(emailID. value)==false){ emailID. value=emailID. focus() return false }return true} function echeck(str) { var at=@ var dot=. var lat=str. indexOf(at) var lstr=str. length var ldot=str. indexOf(dot) if (str. indexOf(at)==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(at)==-1 || str. indexOf(at)==0 || str. indexOf(at)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(dot)==-1 || str. indexOf(dot)==0 || str. indexOf(dot)==lstr){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false} if (str. indexOf(at,(lat+1))! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) eturn false } if (str. substring(lat-1,lat)==dot || str. substring(lat+1,lat+2)==dot){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf(dot,(lat+2))==-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID) return false } if (str. indexOf( )! =-1){ alert(Invalid E-mail ID)return false } return true} function isNumberKey(evt) { var charCode = (evt. which) ? evt. which : event. keyCode if (charCode 31 (charCode 48 || charCode 57)) return false ;return true; 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Make Non-Toxic Glue From Milk

Make Non-Toxic Glue From Milk Use common kitchen materials to make your own glue. Add vinegar to milk, separate the curds, and add baking soda and water. Voila, youve got glue! Difficulty: AverageTime required: 15 minutes Materials 1/4 cup hot water1 tbsp vinegar2 tbsp powdered dry milk1/2 tsp baking sodaWater How to Make It Mix 1/4 cup hot tap water with 2 tbsp powdered milk. Stir until dissolved.Stir 1 tbsp of vinegar into the mixture. The milk will begin to separate into solid curds and watery whey. Continue stirring until the milk is well-separated.Pour the curds and whey into a coffee filter positioned over a cup. Slowly lift the filter, draining the whey. Keep the curd, which is in the filter.Squeeze the filter to remove as much liquid as possible from the curd. Discard the whey (i.e., pour it down a drain) and return the curd to a cup.Use a spoon to break the curd into small pieces.Add 1 tsp hot water and 1/8 to 1/4 tsp baking soda to the chopped curd. Some foaming may occur (carbon dioxide gas from the reaction of baking soda with vinegar).Mix thoroughly until the glue becomes smooth and more liquid. If the mixture is too thick, add a bit more water. If the glue is too lumpy, add more baking soda.The finished glue can vary in consistency from a thick liquid to a thick paste, depending on how much water has been added, how much curd was present, and how much baking soda was added. Use your glue as you would any school paste. Have fun!When not in use, cover your cup of glue with plastic wrap. Over time, its consistency will become smoother and more clear.Unrefrigerated glue will spoil after 24 to 48 hours. Discard the glue when it develops a spoiled milk smell. Tips for Success The separation of curds and whey works best when the milk is warm or hot. This  is why powdered milk is recommended for this project.If the separation doesnt work well, heat the milk or add a bit more vinegar. If it still doesnt work, start again with warmer water.Clean dried glue by loosening/dissolving it in warm water and wiping it away. Glue will wash out of clothes and off surfaces. Reaction Between Milk and Vinegar Mixing milk and vinegar (weak acetic acid) produces a chemical reaction that forms a polymer called casein. Casein is essentially a natural plastic. The casein molecule is long and pliable, which makes it perfect for forming a flexible bond between two surfaces. The casein curds may be molded and dried to form hard objects that are sometimes called milk pearls. When a small amount of baking soda is added to chopped curd, the baking soda (base) and residual vinegar (acid) participate in an acid-base chemical reaction to produce carbon dioxide, water, and sodium acetate. The carbon dioxide bubbles escape, while the sodium acetate solution combines with the casein curds to form a sticky glue. The thickness of the glue depends on the amount of water present, so it can be either a sticky paste (minimal water) or a thin glue (more water).

The Economic importance of Transportation Essay

The Economic importance of Transportation - Essay Example ailure at any point of the transport network that we have could be disastrous as the IRU (2002) tells us that, â€Å"Any transport network failures may be assimilated to ‘blood clots’ obstructing free movement of people, goods and services, and hindering sustainable development of world economy (IRU, 2002, Pg. 1).† For America in particular, there exists an extensive road, rail, air and sea based transport network that links all the cities and towns within the continent from New York to Juno. However the vast transport network in America was not built overnight but rather it took decades of planning, positioning, regulations, infrastructure development and a tremendous monetary investment before the network could take a useable form. Of course, for the majority of the citizenry, the most commonly seen and perhaps the most often used system for transport remains the road and highway networks that cut across the land. Economic concerns certainly come up when the road network is planned or even when a new road/highway is to be made by the government. These economic criteria define the goals of such an element of the transport network. For example, the economic goal of the road could be to alleviate pressure and thus save time for individuals who are driving from one point on the city to another. It could also be to provide more routes for accessing a point of economic interest such as a shopping mall. Even the nature of what is going to be transported by the route is an important consideration since roads going in or coming from an industrial zone may have different specifications as compared to the roads that are in use in residential zones (Weiner, 2004). An established transport network can even guide the economic development of a region since industries may be more interested in locating to a region that has an extensive road network permitting the easy movement of heavy trucks or other equipment. Access to railroads or airports may be important for

KNES - Fitness for Living Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KNES - Fitness for Living - Essay Example Autologous blood doping is a process in which the blood of the athlete is drawn sometime back before the competition. The plasma and hemoglobin are then separated so that the plasma is injected into the athlete. The hemoglobin from the athlete is preserved for later use. After a span of two months the body naturally builds up the hemoglobin which was drawn from the body and it is just before the competition that the preserved hemoglobin is injected back into the athlete. Homologous blood doping is a process in which the hemoglobin of a donor is injected into the athlete. This type of doping carries more risks of transmitting diseases than the autologous blood doping. Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by kidney and liver which helps in increasing the production of red blood cells in the body. Synthetic erythropoietin is given in one form of blood doping which helps to increase the number of red blood cells in the body. Blood doping is known to have its own advantages and disadvanta ges. Research shows that athletes who perform blood doping have an increased aerobic capacity which helps them to use their muscles more. They also have a decreased heart rate for exercises which require strenuous work.

Problem Statement And Methodology Engineering Essay

Problem Statement And Methodology Engineering Essay Refrigeration or Cooling may be defined as the process of removing heat. This process may be accomplished by using one of the refrigeration systems; vapor compression, absorption or thermoelectric refrigeration systems. The first two systems need high and low pressure sides of a working fluid to complete the refrigeration cycle. The thermoelectric refrigeration system, however, uses electrons rather than refrigerant as a heat carrier. (Davis, 2005) Thermoelectric coolers are greatly needed, particularly for the developing countries situation where long life and low maintenance are needed. In this aspect, thermoelectrics cannot be challenged, in spite of the fact that their coefficient performance is not as high as for a vapor compression cycle. Thermoelectric refrigerators have the advantages of being small, lightweight, rugged, reliable, and insensitive to orientation, noiseless, portable and low cost in mass production. (Davis, 2005) Thermoelectric cooler has been widely used in military, aerospace, instrument, and industrial or commercial products, as a cooling device for specific purposes. This technology has existed for about 40 years. (Riffat, 2000) Many researchers are concerned about the physical properties of the thermoelectric material and the manufacturing technique of thermoelectric modules. In addition to the improvement of the thermoelectric material and module, the system analysis of a thermoelectric refrigerator is equally important in designing a high-performance thermoelectric refrigerator. (Huang, 2000) The heat flux generated in the processor chip is rising day by day at a very fast rate with development because of reduction in CPU sizes and large amount of heat load generated at the chip. Consequently, it is becoming a challenging task for researchers to handle such enormous amounts of heat fluxes. Moores had proved that number of transistors on a integrated circuit is increasing exponentially year after year .So heat load in the CPU also increases at the same rate with the increase in the speed moreover the size of the chip today which we normally talk about is of the order of mm which is in turn making problem more complicated. The high heat generation inside the CPU may result in slowing down the computation speed, failure of the processor chip, gate oxide breakdown, effect on screen resolution and many more electrical failures as well as mechanical failures (Davis, 2005) Presently in CPU very complicated designs of air cooled heat sinks are used which dissipates heat to the surroundings by flowing large volumes of air. These heat sinks have two major shortcomings. Due to space constrains air should be thrown at very high velocities and to maintain such velocities big size fan has to be used. Also, the air flowing at high velocities creates a lot of noise. Moreover, in air cooled units there is no active cooling device so we cant go below the ambient temperature. As a result working at high speeds in the hot ambient conditions had become extremely difficult. Chip cooling is one of the bottlenecks in the high density electronics. There is need of some better cooling techniques for the same. So, now a day researchers are working a lot on liquid cooled systems, because they have nearly 10 times (Davis, 2005) the heat transfer coefficient than that of air cooled ones. In water based liquid cooling systems, the heat is pumped to water block by some cooling device from which water takes away the heat to finally throw it in the surroundings . The most commonly used device to pump heat to water block in such system is TEC (Thermoelectric coolers). TEC consumes their own power and cool down the chip by extracting the heat from it and transferring it to the water block. Water runs inside the channel in the water block and takes away the heat from it. The hot water is further cooled in the condenser. With the help of Thermoelectric water cooling system the chip temperature can be easily made to go below ambient temperature which is not possible by the existing systems, and thus the CPU can be made to operate at high speeds and higher loads in even hot ambient conditions. Thus TEC have potential opportunities for chip cooling and can prove very effective if a proper system is developed for the same. 1.2 Problem statement Chip cooling is one of the bottlenecks in high density electronics. An enormous amount of heat flux is generated by the modern processor chip. Nowadays many complicated designs of air cooled heat sinks are used, but off late the heat fluxes have attained such a level that to handle them very large volume flow rate of air is required. So due to space constraint, in order to achieve large flow rates, air should be blown at very high velocities which in turn result in increased levels of noise. Another major disadvantage of air cooling is that we cant go below ambient temperature and as a consequence, tendency of chip failure in the computers working in ambient condition of about 35 °C 45 °C increases a lot. For all these reasons it has become apparent that the heat fluxes have reached such a level that air cooling cant handle them efficiently. Thus the present scenario necessitates the use of active cooling devices. Thermoelectric coolers having the ability to cool below ambient and having advantage of being compact, light weight, free of moving parts and precise temperature control have high potentials for chip cooling. It is known that the temperature of the thermoelectric module is the main criterion for its reliability and performance. The temperature rise of the hot side above ambient is dependent on the thermal resistance of the path that the heat sink. Reducing the thermal resistance of the heat sink contributes to the reduction of the thermal resistance of the path and hence an increase in the performance. So a liquid heat exchanger with spiral flow passage having dimples is used. Dimples result in effective heat transfer by creating turbulence and thus enhancing the performance of the system. 1.3 Research Objectives Understanding the basics of Thermoelectric coolers, working of Thermoelectric Cooling Systems and parameters that governs the performance of such systems Design, fabrication and development of an efficient thermoelectric cooling system for computer chips Carrying out experimentation and analysis of the performance of the developed system 1.4 Methodology 1.5 Work Plan These are some of the important tasks that would be performed during this research Understanding the basic concepts of thermoelectric cooling Study of the existing CPU cooling techniques Literature review regarding the topic and study about the effect due dimples along the flow of water Deciding the various parameters for which system has to be designed Deciding about the thermoelectric module which will produce the desired cooling effect Design of the experimental set up and identification of the various equipments to be required Market survey for all the required equipments Procurement of the equipments Design and fabrication of the dimpled water block Design and fabrication of the heat exchanger Preparation of the experimental set up Carrying out experiments and obtaining the results Analysis of results Checking out the performance of the thermoelectric module used Comparison of the designed water block with some commercially existing water block Discussions and conclusion Report writing 1.6 Expected Outcomes An understanding of the application of thermoelectric cooling systems would be developed. Important advantages of the thermoelectric cooling systems in current scenario of high density electronics would be presented. The complete thermoelectric cooling unit for CPU chip would be designed, fabricated and tested for the desired loads Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The History of Thermoelectrics In 1821, Thomas Seebeck discovered that a continuously flowing current is created when two wires of different materials are joined together and heated at one end. This idea is known as the Seebeck Effect (Figure 1.1). The Seebeck effect has two main applications including temperature measurement and power generation. (Global Techno Scan, nd) Figure 1.1 Seebeck Effect S= dV / dT; S is the Seebeck Coefficient with units of Volts/K S is positive when the direction of electric current is same as the direction of thermal current In 1834, a French watchmaker and part time physicist, Jean Peltier found that an electrical current would produce a temperature gradient at the junction of two dissimilar metals. This effect is known as the Peltier Effect. This idea forms the basis for the thermoelectric refrigerator (Global Techno Scan, nd) Figure 1.2 Negative Peltier effect a) For à Ã… ¸ When current is allowed to pass through n-type semiconductor shown in above circuit, high energy electrons move from right to left resulting in cooling of far end. Thermal current and electric current flow in opposite directions (Global Techno Scan, nd) Figure 1.3 Positive Peltier effect b) For à Ã… ¸ >0; Positive Peltier coefficient When current is allowed to pass through p-type semiconductor shown in above circuit, high energy holes move from left to right resulting in heating of far end. Thermal current and electric current flow in same direction (Global Techno Scan, nd) q=à Ã… ¸*j, where q is thermal current density (Heat flux) and j is electrical current density. Also, à Ã… ¸= S*T (Volts) Peltier coefficient Where, T is the Absolute Temperature Scottish scientist William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin) discovered in 1854 that if a temperature difference exists between any two points of a current carrying conductor, heat is either evolved or absorbed depending upon the material. If such a circuit absorbs heat, then heat may be evolved if the direction of the current or of the temperature gradient is reversed. 2.2 Thermoelectric Refrigeration A thermoelectric device is one that operates on a circuit that incorporates both thermal and electrical effects to convert heat energy into electrical energy or electrical energy to a temperature gradient. Thermoelectric elements perform the same cooling function as Freon -based vapor compression or absorption refrigerators. Energy is taken from a region thereby reducing its temperature. The energy is than rejected to a heat sink region with a higher temperature. Thermoelectric elements are in a totally solid state, while vapor cycle devices have moving mechanical parts that require a working fluid (Tellurex, nd) Thermoelectric modules are small, sturdy, quiet heat pumps operated by a DC power source. They usually last about 200,000 hours in heating mode or about 20 years if left on cooling mode. When power is supplied, the surface where heat energy is absorbed becomes cold; the opposite surface where heat energy is released becomes hot. If the polarity of current flow through the module is reversed, the cold side will become the hot side and vice-versa. Thermoelectric modules can also be used as thermocouples for temperature measurement or as generators to supply power to spacecrafts and electrical equipment. (Tellurex, nd) Thermoelectric devices can also be used as refrigerators on the bases of the Peltier effect. To create a thermoelectric refrigerator, heat is absorbed from a refrigerated space and than rejected to a warmer environment. The difference between these two quantities is the net electrical work that needs to be supplied. These refrigerators are not overly popular because they have a low coefficient of performance. The coefficient of performance for thermoelectric refrigerators can be calculated by dividing the cooling effect by the work input. (Tellurex, nd) 2.3 Semiconductors The semiconductor materials are N and P type, and are so named because either they have more electrons than necessary to complete a perfect molecular lattice structure (N-type) or not enough electrons to complete a lattice structure (P-type). The extra electrons in the N-type material and the holes left in the P-type material are called carriers and they are the agents that move the heat energy from the cold to the hot junction. Heat absorbed at the cold junction is pumped to the hot junction at a rate proportional to carrier current passing through the circuit and the number of couples. Good thermoelectric semiconductor materials such as bismuth telluride greatly impede conventional heat conduction from hot to cold areas, yet provide an easy flow for the carriers. In addition, these materials have carriers with a capacity for transferring more heat. Since semiconductors were found to have large Seebeck coefficients, good electrical conductivities, and poor thermal conductivities, on e has made a breakthrough in the use of the Peltier-effect in thermoelectric devices to produce refrigeration. Currently, thermoelectric refrigerators, made of semiconductor, materials, have many interesting applications because of their small size, simplicity, quietness and reliability. 2.4 Basic Working Principle of Thermoelectric Coolers Thermoelectric coolers are semiconductor devices which works on the principle of Peltier effect (Haung, 2005) i.e. when a current is passed between the junctions of two dissimilar materials then a temperature difference is created between the two junctions. In thermoelectric coolers we have a P type and an N type semiconductor connected together when we pass the current, at the cold junction electrons travel from P side to N side as P type being at lower energy level and N type at higher energy level. So when electron travels it absorbs energy at the cold side. Similarly at the hot side electron travels from N side to P side thereby releasing the energy. And in this way a temperature gradient is established between hot side and cold side (Haung, 2005) 2.5 Advantages of Thermoelectric Coolers Thermoelectric coolers have some unique advantages over other cooling systems. The various advantages are (Chien, 2004) Ideal for localized cooling due to small size Highly controllable cooling power Convenient power supply Precise temperature control Sub-ambient cooling capacity Spot cooling Compact, Quite, and free of moving parts Low maintenance 2.6 A typical thermoelectric cooling system: Fig. 1 shows working of a thermoelectric system. The heating and cooling functions of the thermoelectric system can be interchanged by reversing the polarity of the direct current applied to it. Capacity control in a thermoelectric system can be achieved by varying the voltage applied to the couples either by a variable voltage control or by switching series and parallel circuits. As the voltage drops, the temperature difference between the hot and cold side is reduced. (Chien, 2004) On the cold side of the module we have the heat source from which heat is to be removed and on the hot side we have a heat sink which finally throws the heat into the ambient. Design of the heat sink is an important parameter for improving the performance of the thermoelectric module. For many applications, the advantages of TEC outweigh its main disadvantage of low coefficient of performance. (Chien, 2004) Figure 2.1 Thermoelectric cooler (Chien, 2004) 2.7 Thermal Parameters Governing Performance of TEC The selection of a thermoelectric for a particular application is mainly dependent on the three important parameters. These are temperature of the hot surface (Th), the temperature of the cold surface (Tc) and the amount of heat to be extracted at the cold side of the module (Qc) (Haung, 2005). The heat sink is attached at the hot side of the module where the heat gets released when the DC power is applied to the module. The hot side temperature of the module while using a air cooled heat sink whether natural or forced convection, can be found out using below equations (Haung, 2005) Th = Tamb + Rth(Qh) (1.1) Qh = Qc + Qp (1.2) The temperatures rise above ambient, of the hot side, takes place because of the thermal resistance of the heat. If we know the thermal resistance of the heat sink then the general estimates of the rise in temperature above ambient are as stated below: (Haung, 2005) 20 °C to 40 °C in case of Natural Convection 10 °C to 15 °C in case of Forced Convection 2 °C to 5 °C in case of Liquid Cooling (In this case is the rise above the liquid coolant temperature) The performance coefficient for a thermoelectric cooling system can be calculated with the help of the following equation: 2.8 Application of thermoelectric cooling TEC (Thermoelectric Cooler) is different from conventional compression refrigeration; there are no moving parts. Since there are no moving parts, there is nothing to wear out and nothing is generating noise. There is no refrigerant to contain so the problem of handling a two-phase change over is simplified. Pressure tight tubing is replaced by electrical wiring. There is no ozone layer hazard (Melcor, nd). Thermoelectric coolers offer the potential to enhance the cooling of electronic module packages to reduce chip operating temperatures or to allow higher module powers. Thermoelectric coolers also offer the advantages of being compact, reliable, and their degree of cooling may be controlled by the current supplied. Unfortunately, compared to vapor-compression refrigeration, they are limited in the heat flux that they can accommodate and exhibit a lower coefficient of performance (COP). These two limitations have generally limited thermoelectrics to niche. The thermoelectric coolers are used in the electronics of the cruise missile, critical equipment on aircraft, critical camera components in a pod aircraft navigation system and many military applications. Thermoelectric coolers provide compact heat exchangers that are not attitude-sensitive and do not contain excessive tubing and fittings that can be susceptible to vibration 2.9 Previous Work done at International level Till today air coolers are meeting the needs of CPU cooling, with the increased size of heat sinks and an increase in fan speed. The typical resistance of air coolers with high fan speeds is 0.2 °C/W (Bar Cohen, 2000). But with further increase in the heat flux, air cooling techniques seems to be diminishing because of the limitations already mentioned. The next best solution to the problem is the use of liquid cooling techniques as the liquids have relatively very high convective heat transfer coefficients then air and thus minimizing the thermal resistance. The liquid cooling systems involves water block for efficient heat transfer to the liquid. Experiments have been carried out by mounting water blocks directly over the CPU chip and they have shown to be very efficient then the air cooled techniques. With the use of direct water-cooling techniques the chip temperature can be kept at 30 °C for an ambient condition of 25 °C with a CPU load of 60W whereas with air cooling it goes to 45 °C (Bar Cohen, 2000). But with the development of thermoelectric coolers it had made possible to take the chip temperature even below ambient. Thermoelectric Coolers have unique advantages over other cooling devices Chein and Huang (2004) studied usage of thermoelectric cooler for electronic cooling. The cooling capacity, junction temperature, coefficient of performance (COP) of TEC and the required heat sink resistance at the hot side were computed. They found that the cooling capacity could be increased as Tc is increased and ΆT is reduced. The maximum cooling capacity and chip junction temperature obtained were 207 W and 88 °C, respectively. The required heat sink resistance on TEC hot side was found to be .054 °C/W. A micro channel heat sink ( with size of 55mm x 55mm with channel width of 0.3 mm) using water or air as coolant was also demonstrated to meet the low thermal heat sink resistance requirement for TEC operated at maximum cooling capacity conditions. Huang et al in 2005 studied the distribution of temperature for a thermoelectric cooler under the effects of Joule heating, Fourier Heat conduction, Thomson effect and convection and radiation heat transfer. They tried to enalyze and explore some of the important things like Thomson effects influence on the distribution of temperature, on the amount of heat that flows back to the cold side, the maximum temperature difference attained and the maximum amount of heat extracted etc. They finally concluded that other than improving the thermoelectric materials for increasing the cooling efficiency of the module the other possible way is to take the advantage of Thomson effect this also helps in improving the cooling efficiency. Researches are already going on for incorporating thermoelectric water cooling systems for the CPU. The key factor in using such kind of systems is to have highly efficient water blocks with low thermal resistances and to have thermoelectric modules with proper Qmax. Many complicated water block design exist in the present market. The typical thermal resistances of the water blocks used presently for such systems are 0.08 °C/W (Bar Cohen, 2000).

Labor-Management Bargaining

The process of labor-management bargaining has evolved since its beginning in the early years of labor negotiations. Since the parties involved in collective bargaining are negotiating a formal contract that both are to be bound by, there are many stresses and tensions that permeate the process. Most early negotiations were filled with drama and emotionalism. The struggle has continued today to move toward a more rational process, whereby negotiations are conducted and settled on the facts and more concrete, quantitative arguments. In pursuit of this goal, there are strategies and tactics that can be utilized by both management and unionized labor in order to facilitate a more reasonable contract negotiation. The most beneficial tactics-setting reasonable goals, and researching facts-are employed before the negotiations even begin. First of all, in order to bargain better, it is important to understand just what collective bargaining is. James P. Begin and Edwin F. Beal define collective bargaining as part of an Industrial Relations System. The system of relations consists of: (1) the people who head the organizations that provide goods and services to society, (2) the people who do the work, and (3) the governmental organizations that maintain the society. â€Å"Under capitalism, workers are relatively free to sell their own labor and withhold it at will (Begin, James P., Beal, Edwin F., 3).† This forms a free-will contract in which the employer and employee must decide the terms of employment (Begin, Beal, 3). This provides the basis for the industrial relations system. Before judicial regulations were enacted as a framework for negotiations, the worker and the employer could enter into a verbal contract that would suffice. However, as workers organized themselves into formal labor organizations and elected members to represent them, more formal contracts were needed. The movement of collective bargaining toward a matter of national policy began in 1935 with the enactment of the Wagner Act. This act pronounced two basic principles: (1) employees were to be permitted to form and maintain labor unions of their own choosing without being subjected to coercion, intimidation, or discrimination by employers; and (2) employers were to be required by law to bargain collectively with labor unions designated by their employees on wages, rates of pay, hours, and other conditions of employment. The Wagner Act and others, like the Taft-Hartley Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act, have provided a framework of law within which the collective bargaining process must operate. The legal regulations extend to both the procedural aspects (the manner in which collective bargaining is to be conducted) and to the substantive aspects (the types of subject concerning which collective bargaining is obligatory and which may or may not lawfully be incorporated into collective bargaining agreements). However, the substantive aspect remains relatively unrestricted by law (Torff, Selwyn H., 4-14). It is the substantive aspect that leaves collective bargaining negotiations subject to emotionalism, and illogical and irrational behavior. John Dunlop and James Healy have described four ways in which negotiations can be depicted. The first is a poker game, â€Å"with the larger pots going to those who combine deception, bluff, and luck, or the ability to come up with a strong hand.† The second is an â€Å"exercise in power politics, with the relative strengths of the parties being decisive.† The third, â€Å"a debating society, marked by both rhetoric and name calling.† Fourth and finally they noted a better way-if followed-that a negotiation can be depicted. This is a â€Å"‘rational process,' with both sides remaining completely flexible and willing to be persuaded only when all the facts have been dispassionately presented (Sloane, Arthur A.; Witney, Fred; 203).† Sloane and Witney have stated, â€Å"all of these characteristics have marked most negotiations over a period of time. The increasing maturity of collective bargaining implies enlargement of the rational process†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This rational process involves the employee, employer, and union settling on the basis of facts rather than name-calling, table pounding, and emotionalism (Sloane, Witney, 203-204). Therefore, in order for collective bargaining to become more rational, certain techniques must be employed. Edward Peters has written a guide to better negotiating titled Strategy and Tactics in Labor Negotiations. In this book he provides good strategies for obtaining a more rational negotiation. The first important step toward better bargaining is to realize the essential nature and purpose of negotiations. In a bargaining conflict, there are three main activities in which each party is involved: (1) attempt to influence each other, the employees, and public opinion by advocating the merits of their respective positions; (2) indicate strength to each other; and (3) explore the possibilities, in terms of each other's maximum and minimum expectancies, of a settlement without an economic contest, or, at worst, a contest of minimum duration (Peters, Edward, 41). Peters states that sophisticated bargainers often underestimate the importance of good preparation and presentation of their position because they feel that these are just â€Å"window dressing for the harsh realities of economic strength (Peters, 42).† It is true that economic strength is important, but a position reinforced by logic and reason can often exert a crucial influence (Peters, 42). Another step toward better negotiations is preparation and the setting of realistic goals. Peters states that â€Å"the practicality or impracticality of a collective bargaining goal is a matter of foresight, not something to be determined by hindsight (Peters, 60).† An example of this that pertains to management is that sometimes there are items that a union cannot and will not concede. If management does not prepare enough and makes the assumption that the union can and will negotiate on any proposal submitted by management, they risk the possibility of strikes. There are issues over which â€Å"a union will prefer to lose a plant in an economic contest rather than jeopardize itself with a larger group (Peters, 60).† The setting of more realistic goals by management could avoid this detrimental result. In order to set realistic goals, a criteria for realistic goals must be established. Most negotiators, according to Peters, would agree that a realistic goal, to be attained without an economic contest, must be based on the following minimum considerations: (1) has the other party the ability to concede the issue? The employer must be able to concede the issue without serious damage to operations. The union must be able to concede the issue without serious internal injury, or any danger of disintegrating as an organization, or losing out to a rival union; also without seriously impairing its external relationships in the labor movement, or with other employers; (2) are you warranted, by your strength, in setting such a goal? (3) Is your goal within the bargaining expectancy of the other party? This last point may be disregarded only if you are ready to wage an economic contest for your minimum goal (Peters, 61-62). These criteria should be fully examined before setting any goal or pressing any issue in a labor negotiation. Priorities must be established and ranked in order of impact and importance (Richardson, Reed C., 128). Even though setting realistic goals help in negotiations, a course of action must be pursued in order to obtain those goals. Prestige plays an essential role in negotiations. Prestige is an intangible quality in the sense that it is a symbol-a symbol of the potential and actual strengths of the parties in all of their relationships. Prestige reflects itself in the relationship of the parties to each other and especially to the workers in the plant. A union's basic strength lies in the support of its own membership (Peters, 85-86). Other factors that affect during negotiations are sign language, fringe issues, and negotiable factors. However, the most important tactics take place before the actual negotiations. â€Å"Negotiators who approach the bargaining table without sufficient factual ammunition to handle the growing complexities of labor relations†¦operate at a distinct disadvantage (Sloane, Witney, 213).† Most larger unions and almost all major corporations today have their own research departments to gather data and conduct surveys. Only if both parties research and establish a framework for negotiations can they successfully obtain results within their range of acceptability. With this in mind, collective bargaining can mature to its desired rationality in the management-labor relationship.

A Comparison in Anthem

ANTHEM In Ayn Rand’s Anthem, the story of Equality 7-2521 and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden can be compared and contrasted in many different ways. Two of those are their similarities and differences. They include both personal and behavioral similarities as well as personal and behavioral differences. They will be stated in the following paragraphs. There are similarities between Equality 7-2521 and Adam. They were both born with a natural curiosity. The curiosity caused them to do something that was explicitly forbidden.This led Equality 7-2521 to rediscover something that was wiped from human memory for a great length of time as stated on page 52: â€Å"We, Equality 7-2521, have discovered a new power of nature. And  we have discovered it alone, and we alone are to know it. † (Rand 41)He attempted to share his discovery but was rejected and scorned. Adam’s curiosity led him to eat the â€Å"forbidden† fruit from the tree from th e center of the Garden of Eden. This action caused his banishment from the Garden of Eden. What they both committed was considered by the governing authority to be sins.Equality 7-2521 was forced to run away because he dared to have an independent mind. Adam was forced out of Eden because he did not obey God. Also†¦ They were condemned for committing a great â€Å"sin. † The â€Å"sin† was disobeying a godlike authority. Equality and Adam both obtained information that was forbidden by the authority that governed them. Equality obtained forbidden information through secretly studying information on the time before the Great Rebirth, rediscovering electricity and creating a piece of electrical equipment.The World Council banned such actions so when he tried to convince the Council of Scholars, they threatened to report him and destroy his discovery as stated on 72: â€Å"You shall be burned at the stake,† said Democracy 4-6998. â€Å"No, they shall be lashe d,† said Unanimity 7-3304, â€Å"till there is  nothing left under the lashes. † And page 74: â€Å"This thing,† they said, â€Å"must be destroyed. †Ã‚  And all the others cried as one: â€Å"It must be destroyed! â€Å"(Rand 41) He was forced to run deep into the uncharted forest where he hid. Adam obtained the forbidden information through eating the â€Å"forbidden† fruit from the tree at the center of Eden.He gained knowledge of many things that were forbidden by God. As a result, he was banished from Eden. The similarities have been stated although†¦ There are also differences between Adam and Equality 7-2521. One is the sin they committed. Equality 7-2521 committed the sin of individual thought. He dared to live, think and love for himself. He also rediscovered electricity by himself, which was considered evil because he didn’t work with the rest of his â€Å"brothers† as stated on page 73: â€Å"So you think that you have found a new power,† said Collective  0-0009. â€Å"Do you think all your brothers think that?   Ã¢â‚¬Å"No,† we answered. â€Å"What is not thought by all men cannot be true,† said Collective   0-0009. â€Å"You have worked on this alone? † asked International 1-5537. â€Å"Yes,† we answered. â€Å"What is not done collectively cannot be good,† said International 1-5537. †(Rand 41)Adam committed the sin of disobedience. He ate the â€Å"forbidden† fruit when God specifically told him not to. As a result, he was banished from the Garden of Eden. Another difference is how they reacted after they left their residence. When Adam was banished, he did not seek revenge against God. He decided to continue living as normally as possible.Equality 7-2521 on the other hand, decided to start a new society that permits individual thought and makes it his goal to tear down the society he lived in and raze the city he lived in to the g round. In conclusion, Equality 7-2521’s story is some that can be easily compared and contrasted with the Expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. This essay summarized their similarities and differences. There are many other ways to compare and contrast Adam and Equality 7-2521 that are not written in this essay. They may be in a different one. Works Cited Rand, Ayn. Anthem: Student Edition Toronto: Signet, 1995.